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492Part IVRunning ApplicationsCreating Playlists with XineClick the Playlist button on the left side of the xine control window. A Playlist Editorappears, showing the files on your current playlist. You can add and delete contentand then save the list to call on later. Xine content is identified as media resource locators (MRLs). Each MRL is identifiedas a file, DVD, or VCD. Files are in the regular file path (/path/file) or precededby file:/,fifo:/,or stdin:/. DVDs and VCDs are preceded by dvdand vcd, respectively (for example, vcd://01). Here s what the xine Playlist Editor buttons do: ButtonDescriptionCDA, DVD, or VCDAll content from that CD or DVD is added to the playlist. AddSee the MRL Browser window. From that window, click File tochoose a file from your Linux file system, and then click Selectto add that file to the Playlist Editor. (MRL stands for MediaResource Locator, which defines the form in which remote andlocal content are identified.) Move Up Selected MRLMove up and down the playlist. Move Down Selected MRLPlayPlay the contents of the playlist. Delete Selected MRLRemove the current selection. Delete All EntriesClear the whole playlist. SaveSave the playlist to your home directory ($HOME/.xine/playlist). LoadRead in your (saved) playlist. Xine TipsGetting video and audio to work properly can sometimes be a tricky business. Hereare a few quick tips if you are having trouble getting xine to work correctly (or at all): .Xine won t start To work best, xine needs an X driver that supports xvid. Ifthere is no xvid support for your video card in X, xine shuts down immedi- ately when it tries to open the default Xv driver. If this happens to you, trystarting xine with the X11 video driver (which is slower, but should work) asfollows: $ xine -VXSHM27_
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491Chapter 19Playing Music and VideoWhen you try to install xine, it tells you if you need any additional packages. If yourxine player fails to start, see the Xine Tips section later in this chapter. Xine supports a bunch of video and audio formats, including: .MPEG (1, 2, and 4) .QuickTime (see Xine Tips if your QuickTime content won t play) .WMV .DVDs, CDs, and VCDs .Motion JPEG .MPEG audio (MP3) .AC3 and Dolby Digital audio .DTS audio .Ogg Vorbis audioXine understands different file formats that represent a combination of audio andvideo, including .mpg(MPEG program streams), .ts(MPEG transport streams), .mpv(raw MPEG audio/video streams), .avi(MS AVI format), and .asf(AdvancedStreaming format). While xine can play Video CDs and DVDs, it can t play encryptedDVDs or the Video-on-CD hybrid format (because of legal issues mentioned earlierrelated to decrypting DVDs). Using XineWith xine started, right-click in the xine window to see the controls. The quickestway to play video is to click one of the following buttons, and then press the Playbutton (right arrow or Play, depending on the skin you are using): .VCD (for a video CD) .DVD (for a DVD in /dev/dvd) .CDA (for a music CD in /dev/cdaudio) Next, you can use the Pause/Resume, Stop, Play, Fast Motion, Slow Motion, or Ejectbuttons to work with video. You can also use the Previous and Next buttons to stepto different tracks. The controls are very similar to what you would expect on aphysical CD or DVD player. To select individual files, or to put together your own list of content to play, use thePlaylist feature. Note27_
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490Part IVRunning ApplicationsWatching Movies and VideoAlthough several fairly high quality video players are available for Linux, it is rareto see the players included in formal distributions because of legal complications. The issues surrounding the playing of encoded DVD movies in Linux might beresponsible for keeping players such as the MPlayer (freshmeat.net/mplayer), Ogle (http://.dtek.chalmers.se/groups/dvd), and xine (xine.sourceforge.net) video players out of common distributions. By most accounts, however, you can get and use these video players to play a vari- ety of video content for personal use as long as you don t download and use theDeCCS (software for decrypting DVD movies). The following sections providedescriptions of some commonly used video players. Watching Video with XineThe xine player is an excellent application for playing a variety of video and audioformats. You can get xine from xine.sourceforge.netor from software reposito- ries associated with your Linux distribution. You can start the xine player by typing xine&from a Terminal window. Figure 19-9shows an example of the xine video player window and controls. Figure 19-9:Play video CDs, MP3s, QuickTime, and other video formats with xine.
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489Chapter 19Playing Music and VideoRunning GnomeMeetingTo start GnomeMeeting from a Terminal window, type gnomemeeting &.If it is notinstalled, you can get the package for your Linux distribution when you install theGNOME desktop. The first time you run GnomeMeeting, the GnomeMeetingConfiguration Assistant starts, enabling you to enter the following information: .Personal Data Your first name, last name, e-mail address, comment, andlocation. You can also choose whether you want to be listed in theGnomeMeeting ILS directory. .Connection Type Indicate the speed of your Internet connection (56Kmodem, ISDN, DSL/Cable, T1/LAN, or Custom). Once you have entered the data, the GnomeMeeting window opens. Figure 19-8 shows the GnomeMeeting window with the call log to the right. SelectTools.Calls History to open that log. It shows a history of the calls you make duringthis session. To open the Address book, select the address book icon from the leftside of the GnomeMeeting window. Add ILS servers and friends to that window, andthen select the user or server you want to contact and click Contact.Call Contact. Figure 19-8:Connect to ILS servers to videoconference with GnomeMeeting. Use the tabs beneath the video window to adjust your audio levels and videoappearance. The History tab shows a log of your activities.
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488Part IVRunning ApplicationsVideoconferencing with GnomeMeetingThe GnomeMeeting window lets you communicate with other people over a net- work through video, audio, and typed messages. Because GnomeMeeting supportsthe H323 protocol (a standard for multimedia communications), you can use it tocommunicate with people using other popular videoconferencing clients, such asMicrosoft NetMeeting, Cu-SeeMe, and Intel VideoPhone. GnomeMeeting does not support the NetMeeting shared whiteboard functions, just videoconferencing. To be able to send video, you need a Webcam that is supported in Linux you llfind a few dozen models from which to choose. The following sections show youhow to set up your Webcam and use GnomeMeeting for videoconferencing. Getting a Supported WebcamAs with support for TV capture cards, Webcam support is provided through thevideo4linux interface. To see if your Webcam is supported, check the /usr/src/ linux*/Documentationdirectory. A few parallel-port video cameras are describedin the video4linuxsubdirectory; however, the bulk of the supported cameras arelisted in the usbdirectory. After doing some research, I purchased a Logitech QuickCam Pro 3000. The driverfor this Webcam was made for a Philips USB Webcam, but it also works forWebcams from Logitech, Samsung, Creative Labs, and Askey. Before making thepurchase, I checked out the driver s description at www.smcc.demon.nl/webcam. Supported USB cameras should be autodetected, so that when you plug them in, the necessary modules are loaded automatically. Just start up GnomeMeeting(gnomemeetingcommand), and you should see video from your Webcam on yourLinux desktop. You can check to see that your Webcam is working properly by typing the following: # lsmodpwc 43392 1videodev 5120 2 [pwc] usbcore 59072 1 [audio pwc usb-uhci] The output from lsmodshows that the pwc driver is loaded and associated with thevideodev module and usbcore module. Opening Your Firewall for GnomeMeetingYou need to open a variety of ports in your firewall to use GnomeMeeting. In partic- ular, you need to open TCP port 1720 and TCP port range 30000 to 30010. For UDPports, you must open ports 5000 through 5007 and ports 5010 through 5013. Examples of exact iptables settings you can use to open these ports are containedin the GnomeMeeting FAQ (www.gnomemeeting.org/index.php?rub=3). TipNote27_
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487Chapter 19Playing Music and Video .It is possible that the card is there but that the right card type is not beingdetected. Improper detection is most likely if you have a card for which thereare several revisions, with each requiring a different driver. If you think yourcard is not being properly detected, find your card in the CARDLISTfiles. Thenadd the appropriate line to the /etc/modprobe.conffile. For example, to adda Prolink PV-BT878P, revision 9B card, add the following line to the file: options bttv card=72 .You can also add other options listed in the Insmod-options file for the bttvdriver. If you are still having problems getting your card to work, a mailinglistis available on which you can ask questions about Video4Linux issues: http://listman.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/video4linux-list. While this list is for Red Hat specifically, the information is germane to mostdistributions. One possible reason that you don t see any video when you try to run tvtime orother video applications is that some other person or video application alreadyhasthe video driver open. Only one application can use the video driver at a time. Another quirk of video4linux is that the first person to open the device on your sys- tem becomes the owner. So you might need to open the permissions of the driver toallow people other than the first person to use it to access the video4linux driver. Running TvtimeTo start up the tvtime viewer, simply select TVtime Televison Viewer from theSound & Video or Multimedia menu (depending on your Linux distribution), ortypethe following from a Terminal window on your desktop: $ tvtime & A video screen should appear in a window on the desktop. Click on the window tosee a list of stations. Right-click to see the onscreen Setup menu. Here are a few things you can now do with your tvtime onscreen display: .Configure input Change the video source, choose the television standard(which defaults to NTSC for the U.S.), and change the resolution of the input. .Set up the picture Adjust the brightness, contrast, color, and hue. .Adjust the video processing Control the attempted frame rate, configurethe deinterlacer, or add an input filter. .Adjust output Control the aspect ratio (for 16:9 output, for example), applya matte, or set the overscan mode.
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486Part IVRunning ApplicationsWatching TV with TvtimeThe tvtime program (tvtimecommand) enables you to display video output television channels, in particular on your desktop. You can change the channels, adjust volume, and fine-tune your picture. In addition, tvtime sports a slick onscreendisplay and support for a widescreen display. Tvtime will not display output from some low-quality Webcams. To use yourWebcam, consider obtaining the xawtv package, which is available for most Linuxdistributions. The following sections describe how to choose a TV capture card and use tvtime towatch television on your desktop. Getting a Supported TV CardVideo4Linux (V4l/V4l2) is the video interface available for Linux. It supports a vari- ety of TV capture cards and cameras, and is included in some distributions. If yourdistribution does not include V4l or V4L2, you can install it on your own, althoughitis not the easiest task to accomplish. For more information about obtaining andinstalling V4l and the appropriate driver, visit http://linux.bytesex.org/v4l2/ index.html. To see a list of supported TV cards that you can use with tvtime, refer to theCARDLISTand Cardsfiles of your V4l installation. To view these files, you need tohave the kernel-source package installed. You ll find the Cardsfile in /usr/src/ linux*/Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Cardson your Linux system. TheCardsfile applies to the Video4Linux bttv driver. In addition, look at all files startingwith CARDLISTin /usr/src/linux*/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST*. Video4Linux is designed to autodetect your TV capture card and load the propermodules to activate it. Install the TV-card hardware (with the appropriate connec- tion to your TV reception), boot Linux, and run the tvtimecommand as describedin the next section. You should see video displayed on your tvtime window. If your card doesn t appear to be working, here are a few things you can try: .Check that your TV card was properly seated in its slot and detected byLinux, by typing: $ /sbin/lspciThis shows you a list of all valid PCI cards on your computer. If your carddoesn t show up, you probably have a hardware problem. Note27_
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485Chapter 19Playing Music and VideoFigure 19-7:Generate CD jewel case labels with cdlabelgenand print them with ggv. You ll want to edit the cdlabelgencommand line to include the title and song namesfor the CD label and rerun ggva few times to get the label correct. When you areready to print the label, click Print All to print the label. Working with TV, Video, and Digital ImagingGetting TV cards, Webcams, and other video devices to play in Linux is still a bit ofan adventure. Most manufacturers of TV cards and Webcams are not losing sleeptoproduce Linux drivers. As a result, most of the drivers that bring video to yourLinux desktop have been reverse-engineered (that is, they were created by softwareengineers who watched what the video device sent and received, rather than seeingthe actual code that runs the device). The first and probably biggest trick is to get a TV card or Webcam that is supportedin Linux. Once you are getting video output from that device (typically availablefrom /dev/video0), you can try out a couple of applications to begin using it. This section explores the tvtime program for watching television and theGnomeMeeting program for video conferencing.
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484Part IVRunning ApplicationsSongs are copied to the hard disk in the format you selected. By default, thefiles are copied into a subdirectory of $HOME/ogg(such as /home/jake/ogg). The subdirectory is named for the artist and CD. For example, if the user jakewere ripping the song called High Life by the artist Mumbo, the directorycontaining ripped songs would be /home/jake/ogg/mumbo/high_life. Eachsong file is named for the song (for example, fly_fly_fly.wav). 7.Now you can play any of the files using a player that can play WAV or Ogg files, such as XMMS. Or you can copy the files to a CD using cdrecord. Because thefilenames are the song names, they don t appear in the same order as theyappear on the CD, so if you want to copy them back to a writable CD in theiroriginal order, you may have to type each filename on the cdrecordcommandline. For example: # cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom -audio fly_fly.wav big_news.wavabout_time.wavThe Grip window can also be used to play CDs. Use the buttons on the bottom ofthe display to play or pause, skip ahead or back, stop, and eject the CD. The toggletrack display button lets you shrink the size of the display so it takes up less spaceon the desktop. Click toggle disc editor to see and change title, artist, and trackinformation. Creating CD Labels with cdlabelgenThe cdlabelgencommand can be used to create tray cards and front cards to fit inCD jewel cases. You gather information about the CD and cdlabelgenproduces aPostScript output file that you can send to the printer. The cdlabelgen package alsocomes with graphics (in /usr/share/cdlabelgen) that you can incorporate intoyour labels. Here s an example of a cdlabelgencommand line that will generate a CD label filein PostScript format (type it all on one line or use backslashes, as shown, to put iton multiple lines): cdlabelgen -c Grunge is Gone -s Yep HipHop -i If You Feed Me%Sockin Years%City Road%Platinum and Copper%Fly Fly Fly%Best Man Spins%What A Headache%Stayin Put Feelin%Dreams Do Go Blue%Us%Mildest Schemes -o yep.psIn this example, the title of the CD is indicated by -c Grunge is Gone and theartist by the -s Yep HipHop option. The tracks are entered after the -ioption, with each line separated by a %sign. The output file is sent to the file yep.pswiththe -ooption. To view and print the results, use the ggvcommand like this: $ ggv yep.psThe results of this example are shown in Figure 19-7.27_
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483Chapter 19Playing Music and VideoFigure 19-6:Rip and play songs from the Grip window. To rip audio tracks from a CD with grip, do the following: 1.With the Grip window open, insert a music CD into your CD drive. If you havean active connection to the Internet and the CD is known to the CD database, the title, artist, and track information appear in the window. 2.Click each track that you want to rip (that is, copy to your hard disk). A checkmark appears in that track s Rip column. 3.Click the Config tab at the top of the page, and then select Encode. 4.You can choose the type of encoder used to compress the music by clickingthe Encoder box and selecting an encoder (by default, oggenccompressesfiles in Ogg Vorbis, assuming that Ogg Vorbis was installed on your Linux distribution). 5.Click the Rip tab at the top of the page. 6.Click one of the following: Rip+Encode This rips the selected songs and (if you left in the defaultoggenc compression in step 4) compresses them in Ogg Vorbis format. You need an Ogg Vorbis player to play the songs after they have beenripped in this format (there are many Ogg Vorbis players for Linux). Rip only This rips the selected songs in WAV format. You can use astandard CD player to play these songs. (When I tried this, the samesong ripped in WAV was 12 times larger than the Ogg Vorbis file.)
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