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508Part IVRunning Applicationsapplications. If you make use of Access to save data, you may want to move your.mdb-stored data into a SQL database. SQL is more scalable, powerful, and virtuallyplatform-independent. Migrating to SQL will preserve your data, but if your .mdbfilewill not open in OpenOffice.org, you will need to re-create any forms for accessing thedata that you would like to continue using. If you are likely to continue to receive Microsoft Office files and you are concernedabout interoperation, here are some options to consider: .Keep a copy of Microsoft Office installed using WINE and the CodeWeaversplug-in. .Ask individuals sending you documentation to use a less-vendor-specific for- mat, such as Adobe PDF. Document formatting can be exquisitely preservedand will be viewable by anyone capable of installing a PDF viewer, which sup- ports virtually every operating system in widespread use today. .For forms that have user-editable fields, scripting, or complex embedded infor- mation, use HTML documents instead. Anyone with a compliant Web browserwill be able to interact with the document, and Microsoft Office applicationsuniversally support saving files into this format. Before making any wholesale conversion away from Microsoft Office, make sure thefiles you need to use will work as expected with the new office suite you haveselected or that you construct suitable replacements if needed. Testing things aheadof time enables you to make necessary adjustments without later having to endurethe frustration of finding some important document inaccessible or unusable. Using Traditional Linux Publishing ToolsWith old-school text processors such as Groff and TeX, you can ignore documentappearance while writing. Plain-text macros instruct postprocessors how to layouta document for printing after writing is done. With word processors such asOpenOffice.org Word and StarOffice Writer, you mark up text and see the basic layout of the document as you write. Some attributes of the traditional Linux document preparation tools make themparticularly well suited for certain types of projects. TeX and Groff (which is basedon TeX) are a pair of these classic tools and have been popular among technicalpeople because: .You can manipulate files in plain text. Using tools such as sedand grep, youcan scan and change one document or hundreds with a single command orscript. Caution28_
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507Chapter 20Working with Words and ImagesGetting Away from WindowsFor casual home users, small-office workers, and large corporation personnel alike, moving away from Microsoft Office to another Office suite is an experience that canrange from simple to harrowing. In general, it is useful to examine this migration interms of home use versus work use. Home users typically have to concernthemselves with maintaining access to their own documents. In a personal context, it may be rare for friends and relatives to send Excel spreadsheets, Word docu- ments, and PowerPoint presentations. But over the years you may have accumu- lated untold numbers for term papers, recipes, letters to the editor, and other suchdocuments that you d like to be able to read and print. Because many of these for- mats are easily read by OpenOffice.org or can be readily saved in Microsoft Officeto another, more interoperable format, your issues should be few. At work, in addition to accumulation of documents over time, there is a more press- ing issue; other people will be sending you Microsoft Office documents. So whilehome users need to concern themselves mostly with access to historical documents, in the workplace you will probably need to accommodate new documents as well asyour historical information. Because you can also convert your documents, there areno real challenges to migrating simple documents. However, if your Microsoft Officedocuments include extensive macro, scripting, or embedded object usage, you mayfind the conversion is not a very clean one. Make sure you attempt conversions usingthe following options before moving on to the last resort of using multiple applica- tions or re-creating documents. Using Microsoft Office to convert documents enables you to save your files in analternative format. For example, Word 2002 allows you to save your .doc files(theWord versions anyway) to a variety of formats, including: .HTML (.htm/.html) HTML is a great format for your information if it isbasically text and you need only a few formatting options and some embed- ded images and links. The resulting HTML document will be smaller than thecorresponding .docfile. .Rich Text Format (.rtf) Another wonderful minimalist format that will pre- serve some formatting and graphics, but any scripting or macro usage will belost. .Plain Text (.txt) Works if all you need to save is the text of the file. Everything else will be lost. .Word 6.0/95 (.doc) An alternative format that may save some of the elementsyou want yet make it more accessible to OpenOffice.org. Using this format maynot resolve all of the issues you have with converting those hard-to-change doc- uments, but it just might do the trick. Other Microsoft office applications offer similar functionality. PowerPoint can convertpresentations to HTML and general image formats such as JPEG and TIFF. Excel cansave tab- and comma-delimited files that are easily importable into a large number of28_
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506Part IVRunning ApplicationsAbiWord is a great first try as a usable word processor. Recently added features, such as styles and bullets, continue to make it a more useful word-processing tool. It s not yet competitive with comparable commercial products, but its developerscontinue to improve it. Using KOfficeThere is now a KDE office suite of applications that goes with the KDE desktop. TheKOffice package has the basic applications you would expect in an integrated officesuite: a word processor (KWord), spreadsheet (KSpread) program, a presentationcreator (KPresenter), and a diagram-drawing program (KChart). Start by opening the KOffice Workspace (usually from a KDE panel menu). In theworkspace window that opens, you can select from the different office applicationspresented in the left column. Open multiple documents in any of the applications, and then click on Documents in the left column to choose which one to display atthe moment. Figure 20-2 shows the KOffice workspace, displaying a KWord document. Figure 20-2:The KOffice Workspace lets you work with multiple KDE office applications at once. You can work with a variety of document, spreadsheet, and image types. Not manycommercial document types are supported yet, so you may need to import docu- ments using other tools before you can read them into KWord. KSpread, however, can open several different spreadsheet styles, including Microsoft Excel andGNUmeric spreadsheets.
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505Chapter 20Working with Words and ImagesOther tools in StarOffice enable you to create business graphics, edit raster images, and edit mathematical formulas. You can download StarOffice 7 for Linux or purchase a boxed set from the StarOfficeWeb site at www.sun.com/staroffice. Although StarOffice was once available freefor download, the current price to download the software for home users is $75.95. One reason for paying for StarOffice when you can get OpenOffice.org software forfree is that you get a bunch of extras with StarOffice. The extras include a spell- checker, clip art, many more file converters (although the best ones are for convert- ing Microsoft formats), a database module, and technical support. OpenOffice.org is an open source project sponsored by Sun Microsystems. Suntakes the shared source code used to create OpenOffice.org and combines it withother modules to produce the StarOffice suite. This is very similar to Mozilla, anopen source Web browser, and Netscape, a commercial product built from theMozilla sources. Using AbiWordThe AbiWord word processor is a very nice, free word processor from the AbiSourceproject (www.abisource.com). If you are starting documents from scratch, AbiWordincludes many of the basic functions you need to create good-quality documents. With AbiWord, you can select the type of document the file contains, and select toread the file in the following formats: AbiWord (.abw) GZipped AbiWord (.zabw) Rich Text Format (.rtf) Microsoft Word (.doc) UTF8 (.utf8) Text (.txt) AbiWord doesn t yet import all these file types cleanly. Although the recent versionsupports Word styles, sometimes tables, graphics, and other features don t trans- late perfectly. If you want to work with a Word document in AbiWord, open it asAbiWord, correct any font problems, and save the document in AbiWord format. AbiWord has vastly improved in the past few releases, but you may still experienceproblems if you need to exchange files with others who are using Word. (If you wantto keep files in the Word format, you ll find that OpenOffice.org and StarOffice workmuch better, but not perfectly.) Note28_
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504Part IVRunning ApplicationsOther Word ProcessorsIf your distribution does not include the OpenOffice.org suite, or you just want totry something else, you have some other choices: .StarOffice The StarOffice productivity suite contains applications for wordprocessing, spreadsheets, presentation graphics, e-mail, news, charting, andgraphics. It was created to run on Linux systems, but it runs in other environ- ments as well. It can import and export a variety of Microsoft file formats. StarOffice is owned by Sun Microsystems, which sells it as a commercial product. .AbiWord The AbiWord word processor (abiwordcommand), is noncom- mercial software and is the first application produced by the AbiSource pro- ject (www.abisource.com). In addition to working with files in its own format(.abwand .zabw), AbiWord can import files in Microsoft Word and severalother formats. .KOffice The KOffice package contains a set of office productivity applicationsdesigned for the KDE desktop (you must have the KDE desktop environment). The noncommercial software includes a word processor (KWord), spreadsheet(KSpread), presentation creator (KPresenter), and diagram-drawing program(KChart). These applications can be run separately or within a KOfficeWorkspace. Using StarOfficeThe StarOffice suite from Sun Microsystems Inc. (www.sun.com/staroffice) is a product that runs on Linux, UNIX, and Windows operating systems. LikeOpenOffice.org, StarOffice contains many features that make it compatible withMicrosoft Office applications. In particular, it includes the capability to importMicrosoft Word and Excel files. StarOffice is probably the most complete integrated office suite for Linux. Itincludes: .Writer StarOffice s word-processing application. It can import documentsfrom a variety of formats, with special emphasis on Word documents. .Calc The StarOffice spreadsheet program. You can import spreadsheetsfrom Microsoft Excel and other popular programs. .Impress Create presentations with this application. .Draw A vector-oriented drawing program that includes the capability tocreate 3D objects and to use texturing. .Base Manage your data sources. You can access a variety of database interfaces.
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503Chapter 20Working with Words and Imagesthat open in OpenOffice.org often don t look noticeably different from the way theyappear in Microsoft Office. In other cases, such things as bullets, alignment, andindentation can appear quite different in Writer than they do in Word. Also, someWord features, such as macros and scripting features, may not work at all in Writer. To open OpenOffice.org applications, select the relevant menu item (such as theOpenOffice Writer icon) from the system menu (K-Menu, for example). In most dis- tributions, there s a folder called Office (or something very similar) located on thesystem menu as well. Figure 20-1 shows a Microsoft Word document open for edit- ing in OpenOffice.org Writer. Figure 20-1:Work with Microsoft Word documents in OpenOffice.org Writer. The controls in Writer are similar to the ones you find in Word. Toolbars includeboxes for changing styles, font types, and font sizes. Buttons let you save and printthe file; change the text alignment; and cut, copy, and paste text. In other words, Writer includes almost everything you expect in an advanced word processor. Inaddition, Writer includes a handy PDF button to output a file directly to the PDF for- mat, which is very useful for exchanging documents or placing data on the Internet. Although this book cannot cover all the OpenOffice.org applications, you candownload the productivity suite from www.OpenOffice.organd try them all outfor yourself. (Incidentally, the name of the suite is OpenOffice.org for copyrightreasons associated with simply calling it OpenOffice. ) Note28_
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502Part IVRunning ApplicationsUsing OpenOffice.orgSome have called OpenOffice.org a significant threat to Microsoft s dominance ofthe desktop market. If a need to work with documents in Microsoft Word format haskept you from using Linux as your desktop computer, OpenOffice.org is a big steptoward removing that obstacle. You can use a program such as WINE that (amongother things) allows you to run older versions of Microsoft Office directly on yourLinux PC, but for the vast majority of users there is no reason to bother doing so. Inthis section we ll take a high-level overview of the suite and spend a little timeexamining one of the more commonly used elements, Writer, in some detail. Many distributions of Linux include the entire OpenOffice.org suite of desktop appli- cations. Some include the StarOffice suite in addition to or in lieu of OpenOffice.org. If neither is present, you can always download and install OpenOffice.org from itsWeb site, www.openoffice.org. StarOffice is commercial software and can be pur- chased from www.sun.com. OpenOffice.org, which shares its source code with StarOffice, consists of the follow- ing office-productivity applications: .Writer A word-processing application that can work with documents in fileformats from Microsoft Word, StarOffice, and several others. Writer also has afull set of features for using templates, working with fonts, navigating yourdocuments, including images and effects, and generating tables of contents. .Calc A spreadsheet application that lets you incorporate data from MicrosoftExcel, StarOffice, Dbase, and several other spreadsheet formats. Some nice fea- tures in Calc enable you to create charts, set up database ranges (to easily sortdata in an area of a spreadsheet), and use the data pilot tool to arrange data indifferent points of view. .Draw A drawing application that enables you to create, edit, and align objects; include textures and colors; and work with layers of objects. It lets you incorpo- rate images, vector graphics, AutoCAD, and a variety of other file formats intoyour drawings. Then, you can save your drawing in the OpenOffice.org Drawingor StarDraw formats. .Math A calculation program that lets you create mathematical formulas. .Impress A presentation application that includes a variety of slide effects. You can use Impress to create and save presentations in the MicrosoftPowerPoint, StarDraw, and StarImpress formats. Unlike other applications that were created to work with Microsoft document anddata formats, OpenOffice.org (although not perfect) does a very good job of open- ing and saving those files with fewer problems. Very basic styles and formatting28_
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Working withWords andImagesComputers are great for collecting and recording music, playing games, and communicating with far-off lands. While these functions are popular and exciting, there is onetool that has been considered essential since the earliest daysof personal computers: document-creating applications. Fromultrasimple text-only editors to feature-rich groupware sys- tems, you ll be hard-pressed to find a PC without this basicfunctionality. This software is so important that Microsoft hasmade billions of dollars each year selling productivity toolsfor the Windows OS. Linux users are, on most levels, no different than any other PCuser. They need to write letters, make presentations, writebooks, and sort information in spreadsheets. For the Linuxuser, a copy of Microsoft Office is simply not in the cards yet, but there are many powerful tools from which to choose. OpenOffice.org, for example, is a powerful open sourceofficesuite available as a download and as part of many Linuxdistributions. Based on the Sun Microsystem s StarOffice pro- ductivity suite, OpenOffice.org includes a word processor, spreadsheet program, presentation manager, and other per- sonal productivity tools. In most cases, OpenOffice.org can bea drop-in replacement for Microsoft Office. The first document and graphics tools for Linux were mostlybuilt on older, text-based tools. Recently, more sophisticatedtools for writing, formatting pages, and integrating graphicshave been added. Despite their age, many of the older publish- ing tools (such as Groff and LaTeX) are still used by people inthe technical community. This chapter examines both text-based and GUI-based docu- ment preparation software for Linux, and discusses tools forprinting and displaying documents, as well as software forworking with images. 2020CHAPTER …In This ChapterUsing OpenOffice.Using KOfficeUsing AbiWordTaking documentsfrom Windows toLinuxCreating documentswith Groff and LaTeXCreating DocBookdocumentsPrinting documentswith LinuxDisplaying documentswith ghostscript andAcrobatWorking withgraphicsUsing scannersdriven by SANE …
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500Part IVRunning ApplicationsAlso explained was playing live video from TV cards and Webcams in the sectionson tvtime and GnomeMeeting, respectively. Finally, you saw how the xine playercould be used to play a variety of video formats and explored the gtkam window fordownloading images from a digital camera. If your computer has a CD burner, usethe descriptions in this chapter to create your own music CDs and CD labels. …
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499Chapter 19Playing Music and Video3.Open the /etc/fstabfile as root user and see if an entry was created foryour digital camera. If you have no other SCSI devices on your computer, thecamera is probably detected as /dev/sda1device. Here s what the entrymight look like: /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera auto defaults, user,noauto 0 0If no such entry appears, create the entry. Create the mount point directory(as root user, type mkdir /mnt/camera). 4.As root user, type the command to mount the camera: mount /mnt/camera. 5.Open the /mnt/cameradirectory as you would any other directory from theshell or from a file manager. Copy, delete, move, and rename files as youwould any files on your hard disk. 6.When you are done, unmount the camera (as root user from a Terminal window): # umount /mnt/cameraIf you unplug your camera without unmounting the file system, it could damagethe files on your camera. You can follow this procedure to use other USB mass storage devices (CD drives, keychains, and so on) in Linux. Use different mount directories (such as /mnt/ keychain) and check which SCSI device is being assigned to the USB storagedevice. To see if your USB storage device can be seen by Linux, check the /var/log/dmesgfile or run the usbviewcommand. Either will tell you if the device is being detectedproperly by Linux. SummaryGetting up and running with digital media can take some doing, but once it s set up, you can play most audio and video content that is available today. This chaptertakes you through the steps of setting up and troubleshooting your sound card andexplains how to find software to play music through that card. Every desktop Linux distribution comes with one or more ways of playing musicfrom files or CDs. Popular music players include XMMS and Rhythmbox. Tools forripping and recording CDs include grip and command-line utilities such ascdda2wav and cdrecord. Caution27_
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